The following assignment is an exercise designed to help you write your Final Paper. In this exercise, you will do the following: Identify a topic of interest from the list, and narrow it down to a particular, concrete ethical problem or question. Provide

The following assignment is an exercise designed to help you write your Final Paper. In this exercise, you will do the following:

• Identify a topic of interest from the list, and narrow it down to a particular, concrete ethical problem or question.
• Provide an introduction in which you briefly explain the topic and the particular question on which you will focus your paper.
• Explain three ethically significant issues pertaining to this question that would need to be considered when addressing it.
• Use the Thesis Generator in the Ashford Writing Center to construct a thesis statement that articulates your position on the topic as you have defined it. (https://awc.ashford.edu/writing-tools-thesis-generator.html)

Tese are the list

Just War/Military Ethics (Weeks Three and Four)

• What are some circumstances that would make a war just or unjust?

• What are some controversial reasons nations have gone to war, contemplated going to war,

or refrained from going to war? Were they justified?

• Are there ways of conducting a war that should be defended as just or opposed as unjust?

• Thinking of some specific technology such as drone weapons, nuclear weapons, or chemical

and biological weapons, is its use justified? When would it not be justified?

• Consider various methods of war such as carpet bombing, targeting of civilians or

intentionally killing non-combatants, using human shields, the use of blockades, sanctions,

and other means of preventing basic good from reaching the enemy civilians. When would

one of these be justified or unjustified?

• Are there forms of treatment of suspected enemy combatants, such as torture, imprisonment

without trial, warrantless surveillance, etc., that should never be done? Why or why not?

• Is it justified to violate the normal rights of one’s own citizens to ensure the safety of the

country?

• What kinds of virtues do persons in the military need?

• What sorts of behavior might those virtues require?

• What sorts of behavior would be contrary to those virtues?

• Are there times when a soldier’s virtues and/or duties may conflict?

• How should a soldier act in such circumstances?

• Should a soldier disobey an immoral or unjust command?

• What policies should the military have in place to respond to such conflicts?

Gender and Equality (Week Five)• What does it mean to say that women and men are equal? What does it not mean?

• Are there ways in which women and men are treated differently that are unjust?

• Are there ways in which women and men are treated differently that are just?

• Are there social structures, cultural trends (such as in media or advertising), or other aspects of

our society that convey and sustain gender inequality?

• What should our response to them be as individuals?

• What should our response to them be as a society?

• Are there certain religious or cultural beliefs or practices that convey and sustain gender

inequalities?

• What should our response to them be as individuals?

• What should our response to them be as a society?

Relativism and Multiculturalism (Week One)

• What should our response be to behavior in other cultures that are disturbing or seem morally

wrong?

• What are examples of behaviors that might pose a strong challenge to cultural relativism?

• What are examples of behaviors that might pose a strong challenge to absolutism or

universalism?

• Are there behaviors that should be regarded as obligatory or prohibited regardless of time, place,

culture, or any other contingent circumstance?

• Should people be held responsible for immoral behavior when most of their community or

culture also behaves that way?

Responsibility to Animals (Week Two)

• What does it mean to respect non-human animals in the way we as individuals live our lives?

• How should we weigh human needs and/or desires against those of non-human animals?

• What kinds of behaviors would that involve?

• What kinds of behaviors would that exclude?

• Is eating consuming meat and/or other animal products (dairy, eggs, leather, etc.) ethical?

• Is it ethical to harm or kill animals for purposes such as scientific research?

• Why do we treat some animals as pets, or even members of the family, and others simply as

resources? Is there a moral justification for this distinction?• Do we as individuals have moral obligations toward non-human animals when our own behavior

has very little direct effect on the overall state of things?

• Does a government have an obligation to care for non-human animals as well as its human

citizens?

• How should the answer to this question affect political policy

Responsibility to the Environment (Week Four)

• What does it mean to respect the environment in the way we as individuals live our lives?

• What kinds of behaviors would that involve?

• What kinds of behaviors would that exclude?

• Do we as individuals have moral obligations toward the environment when our own behavior

has very little direct effect on the overall state of things? (Consider the products we buy and use,

the cars we drive, the energy we consume, etc.)

• How should we weigh human needs and/or desires against environmental impact?

• Does a government have an obligation to care for its natural resources as well as its human

citizens?

• How should the answer to this question affect political policy?

End of Life Medical Issues (Week One)

• Do people have a right to end their lives whenever they choose to?

• Can people be mistaken about whether their life has value and ought to be ended?

• Does the answer to this question affect the answer to the first question?

• Can we set polices that determine in each case what the value of a human life is and when it

should or should not be ended?

• Does the answer to this question affect the answer to the first question?

• Does it make a difference whether a person’s life is ended by an act of active killing, or whether

it is simply allowed to expire?

• Does it make a difference whether the agent (i.e., the person causing the death), in either case, is

the person himself or herself or someone else (such as a doctor)?

• Is there a limit to the amount of resources we should allocate toward the preservation of a life in

the face of limited resources for other healthcare needs?

• Considering lives that are on the brink of death, under what circumstances (if any) would it be

ethically wrong to prolong that life? • Under what circumstances (if any) would it be ethically required to prolong that life?

 

• Under what circumstances (if any) would it be ethically required to end that life?

 

 

 

 

Instructions
The exercise must be at least 400 words in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Be sure to including a title page and reference page as necessary. Your exercise must be organized to address each of the five parts below. Number each part accordingly.

1. Part One: Thesis Statement
   Use the Thesis Generator in the Ashford Writing Center to construct a thesis statement that articulates your position on the question as you have defined it. This will likely be the last thing you do in this exercise, but your thesis should be placed at the top of the first page after the title page.

   Your thesis should clearly state your position and provide a concise statement of the primary reason(s) drawn from the three issues you raise in Part Two. For example, having identified three important issues that need to be considered, you may find that two of them support your view, and while one may present a challenge to it, that challenge can be overcome.
    
   

2. Part Two: Provide a Brief Introduction to the Topic
   Your introduction must make clear to the reader exactly what ethical issue or question you are addressing within this topic, and what you consider to be the boundaries of the question.

   For example, a paper on criminal punishment might consider whether capital punishment should be used as punishment for certain types of crime, or it might consider the broader question of whether the criminal justice system should favor retribution over rehabilitation. If you were writing on this topic, you would need to specify which of these (or some other) specific question you intend to discuss. (Note: You may not write on criminal punishment, this is just an example.) You should aim to focus your question as narrowly as possible.

   The final sentence of this paragraph should provide a brief summary of the three ethically significant issues pertaining to this question that you intend to address.
    
   

3. Parts Three, Four, and Five: Explain Three Ethically Significant Issues Pertaining to This Question
   An “ethically significant issue” is a feature of the topic and circumstances that must be taken into account when reasoning about the question. For example, if you were writing on criminal punishment and focusing on the question of whether drug users should be imprisoned, ethically significant issues might include the monetary costs, the social costs, the impact on the person, the effect on the drug trade, and so on. And each of these, in turn, would have sub-issues, negative and positive sides, etc. Your task is to be as specific as you can in explaining the ethically significant issue. 

   The first sentence of each paragraph must be a topic sentence that clearly states what issue you will be considering. The remainder of the paragraph should address the relevance and import of the ethically significant feature of the situation. Each paragraph should be focused on a distinct issue.